An alternative for long-chipping aluminium materials
Replacing a drill by a milling cutter to drill bores into a workpiece is a suggestion that takes some getting used to and initially causes many manufacturers to frown. However, the technology change makes sense for some parts, especially in the field of e-mobility. MAPAL shows that this not only allows greater process reliability, but even shorter machining times.
The fastest way to drill a bore is using a suitable drill. A milling cutter with a smaller diameter that enters the material circularly covers a significantly longer distance during machining, which results in a higher cycle time. However, certain materials can cause non-productive times that cancel out the drill’s time advantage.
During the course of the transformation to e-mobility, welded designs or structural parts are to be machined that consist of long-chipping aluminium. Battery housings, for example, are often made from extruded profiles that contain either no silicon at all or only a very small amount. That makes chip breaking more difficult and leads to nests of chips that can get stuck in the machine or on the tool. The same problem comes up when machining chassis parts made of forged aluminium, where manufacturers also struggle with long chips. If they settle on the shank of the tool, an automatic tool change may no longer be possible. Chip clusters cause disruptions that have an adverse effect on the machining time.
Especially during drilling from solid or certain boring operations, a burr can form which is pressed out and wraps around the tool as a ring. “These rings accumulate at the tool cutting edge and can damage the workpiece and the tool”, confirms Leander Bolz, Sales Manager of PCD Tools.
In principle, drills can be equipped with chip breakers, but these usually impair the tool life. In addition, with the materials used, it is not always guaranteed that the chip breaker will reliably do its job. Aluminium with a low silicon content can display different properties depending on cast, batch or the storage condition, which is also reflected in different chip formation. This means that in practice the stock removal situation of the pre-machining is often changed. While blades or entire tools sometimes have to be replaced with a drilling tool, the stock removal with a milling cutter can easily be reduced or increased via the driven tracks.
Milling brings flexibility
The milling strategy also demonstrates its flexibility when bores with different diameters are required. A single milling cutter can be used for this. For larger bores, it eliminates the need to replace one or even two drills for pre-machining. MAPAL favours using the milling cutter for the materials in question since it is possible to save time, particularly during pre-machining, which outweigh the initial performance disadvantages compared to drilling. For certain workpieces, the milling cutter is superior from the outset, for example when there is a risk of deformation due to drilling thin walls of structural parts or when bores with a very specific roughness are required in chassis technology.
Combination tools further reduce the cycle time, as Leander Bolz explains: “If the milling operation sits at the front of the tool and the fine machining behind it, the bore can be created completely in one pass.” With various geometries to choose from, the tools are adapted to the respective machining operation. MAPAL offers SPM milling cutters (Structural Part Machining) with PCD cutting edges for machining aluminium. These very sturdily designed high-volume milling cutters were originally developed for the aerospace industry to machine material from solid.
MAPAL has successfully tested the ‘milling instead of driling’ process with several customers and has changed machining operations thanks to the positive results.
“Here we have to break up old patterns of thinking and dare to do something new,” says Bolz, who is working to convince other people of the same.
Visit MAPAL on Stand 19-332